The automobile industry grows 45.6% in the GDP in 11 years

The Government incentives to the auto industry led to the growth of the sector in the last decade. But the automakers ' production gains, benefit from specific policies since the 50, do not spread by the rest of the productive segments, shows study done at the request of the ' State '. Heavy industry lost space in the economy.
The participation of the automotive sector in the gross domestic product (GDP) of the industry jumped 45.6% in 11 years, from 12.5% in 2000, to 18.2% in 2011, said the study, conducted by Professor Nara Simone Rasul, an expert on industrial policy for the automotive sector and doctor at PUC Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
At the same time, the manufacturing industry lost 15.1% of its share in the total GDP. The share fell from 17.2% to 14.6%, according to the national accounts data of the Brazilian Institute of geography and statistics (IBGE). In 2012, the participation was even lower, only 13.3%. Weight growth of the auto industry put fuel on the fire of debate on industrial policies. In March, announcing the extension of the tax on industrialized products (IPI) reduced by the end of the year, the Finance Minister, Guido Mantega, justified the incentives citing the importance of the automotive industry, which represents 25% of the industrial production.
According to the IBGE, only the manufacture of motor vehicles-without considering the jail-accounted for 9.8% of industrial production in 2012, against 7.3% in 2003. Regardless of the numbers, to critics, the costs exceeded the benefits. ' Today's policies only encourage consumption and Assembly. Is a horizontal policy, there is no vertical ', Nara says Simone. Opinions aside, the trajectory of the automotive sector is intertwined with the industrialization of the Country, in late 1950. Until the end of that decade, the industry would begin to crawl with nine companies, only three manufacturing cars: the American General Motors (GM) and Ford and the German Volkswagen.
As first, in 1952, import restrictions have been introduced gradually, encouraging local manufacturing. The protection of local industry, traditionally, is the first step of industrial policies and, in the view of critics, should always be temporary. Almost 60 years later, in 2011, the Government raised the IPI on imported cars by as much as 30 percentage points, attracting criticism outside the automotive industry and giving ammunition to disputes in countries such as United States, Japan, South Korea and the European Union, which may make use of the international trade institutions, as revealed the State last Sunday.
The path of the policies for the automotive industry, however, had ups and downs. After the initial impulse in the years 1950, in the years 1960 and 1970 the industry would be benefited by the more widespread economic miracle ' boom ' of the dictatorship. In the Decade of 1980, would fall in the ostracism of the ' lost decade '. Only with the stabilization of the years 1990, automotive industry-specific incentives would be resumed, with a focus on decentralization. Today, the automotive centers spread by Rio Grande do Sul, Parana, Fluminense, Bahia South and, more recently, Pernambuco.
According to Anfavea, the industry's representative body in 2012 had 53 factories in 9 States, of 26 companies between manufacturers of cars, light commercial vehicles, trucks and buses-9 produce passenger cars. With 3.3 million units produced, the country is the sixth largest producer in the world. The information is the newspaper O Estado de s. Paulo.